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Published Research

At the Centre for Population Health, our research helps shape a healthier future. By publishing our findings, we share valuable insights that improve health and well-being from pregnancy through to young adulthood.

Our work informs policy, healthcare, education, and public health, driving real-world change both in the UK and internationally. Each publication adds to the growing evidence base, helping to develop better services and support for children, young people, and families.

Explore our publications to see how our research is making a difference.

2026 - 2027

The Impact of Self-Reported Health Factors on Behavioural Difficulties in School-Aged Children: Findings from the HAPPEN Pan-Wales Cohort Using Data Linkage

Mapping the evidence on outcomes of childhood out-of-home care: A scoping review of reviews

Mapping the Evidence on Outcomes of Childhood Out-of-Home Care: A Scoping Review of Reviews

Factors associated with childhood out-of-home care entry and re-entry in high income countries: A systematic review of reviews

Hospitalisations for physical abuse in infants and children less than 5 years, 2013–2021: a multinational cohort study using administrative data from five European countries

To what extent does self-reported physical activity impact children’s wellbeing and mental health?

Multiple Long-Term Conditions, Clusters and Miscarriage Outcome in Pregnancy: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in the UK

Neighbourhood walkability and adolescents Body Mass Index: evidence from the Millennium cohort study in Wales

Residential mobility amongst children and young people in Wales: A longitudinal study using linked administrative records

To what extent does self-reported physical activity impact children’s wellbeing and mental health? Insights from School-Aged Children in Wales

Echogenic intracardiac foci detection and location in the second-trimester ultrasound and association with fetal outcomes: A systematic literature review

Exploring the intergenerational continuity of ACEs amongst a sample of Welsh male prisoners: a retrospective cross-sectional study’. Child Protection and Practice.

Neighbourhood walkability and adolescents Body Mass Index: evidence from the Millennium cohort study in Wales

Residential mobility amongst children and young people in Wales: A longitudinal study using linked administrative records

 Understanding how children and young people with chronic non-cancer pain and their families experience living with pain, pain management and services: a meta-ethnography.

Cohort profile: Born In Wales – a birth cohort with maternity, parental and child data linkage for life course research in Wales, UK

Epidemiology of pre-existing multimorbidity in pregnant women in the UK in 2018: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth.

Maternal adverse childhood experiences and their association with preterm birth: secondary analysis of data from universal health visiting.

Associations between adverse childhood experiences, attitudes towards Covid-19 restrictions and vaccine hesitancy: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open

Widening excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals who self-harmed: a whole population based e-cohort study in Wales UK

Studying the Long-term Impact of Covid in Kids (SLICK). Healthcare use and costs in children and young people following community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection: protocol for an observational study using linked primary and secondary routinely collected healthcare data from England, Scotland and Wales

Clusters of Activity-Related Social and Physical Home Environmental Factors and Their Association with Children’s Home-Based Physical Activity and Sitting

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Relationship with Poor Sexual Health Outcomes: Results from Four Cross-Sectional Surveys

Weighting of risk factors for low birth weight: a linked routine data cohort study in Wales, UK

Linking cohort data and Welsh routine health records to investigate children at risk of delayed primary vaccination

Pre-COVID-19 pandemic health-related behaviours in children (2018-2020) and association with being tested for SARS-CoV-2 and testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 (2020-2021): a retrospective cohort study using survey data linked with routine health data in Wales, UK

The Effect COVID Has Had on the Wants and Needs of Children in Terms of Play: Text Mining the Qualitative Response of the Happen Primary School Survey with 20,000 Children in Wales, UK between 2016 and 2021

Do children who move home and school frequently have poorer educational outcomes in their early years at school? An anonymised cohort study

COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy: views and vaccination uptake rates in pregnancy, a mixed methods analysis from SAIL and the Born-In-Wales Birth Cohort

Adversity profiles of children receiving care and support from social services: A latent-class analysis of school-aged children in Wales

Polypharmacy during pregnancy and associated risk factors: a retrospective analysis of 577 medication exposures among 1.5 million pregnancies in the UK, 2000-2019

Maternal and children’s outcomes for pregnant women with pre-existing multiple long-term conditions: a study protocol of an observational study in the United Kingdom

Prevalence and correlates of compliance with 24-h movement guidelines among children from urban and rural Kenya-The Kenya-LINX project

COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy: The Impact of Multimorbidity and Smoking Status on Vaccine Hesitancy, a Cohort Study of 25,111 Women in Wales, UK

Identities of women who have an autoimmune rheumatic disease [ARD] during pregnancy planning, pregnancy and early parenting: A qualitative study

Key outcomes for reporting in studies of pregnant women with multiple long-term conditions: a qualitative study

Childhood Outcomes in Children with and without Cardiac Echogenic Foci: An Electronic Birth Cohort Study in Wales, UK

Using administrative data to evaluate national policy impacts on child and maternal health: a research framework from the Maternal and Child Health Network (MatCHNet)

Breastfeeding initiation and duration through the COVID-19 pandemic, a linked population-level routine data study: the Born in Wales Cohort 2018–2021

Does parental unemployment increase the risk of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)? A systematic review and meta-analysis

ACEtimation – the combined effect of adverse childhood experiences on violence, health-harming behaviors, and mental ill-health: findings across England and Wales

Detection and evaluation of signals associated with exposure to individual and combination of medications in pregnancy: a signal detection study protocol

Regional perspectives on the coordination and delivery of paediatric end-of-life care in the UK: a qualitative study

Maternal multimorbidity and preterm birth in Scotland: an observational record-linkage study

COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy: the impact of multimorbidity and smoking status on vaccine hesitancy, a cohort study of 25,111 women in Wales, UK

Changes in self-reported health and wellbeing outcomes in 36,951 primary school children from 2014 to 2022 in Wales: an analysis using annual survey data

Factors associated with low school readiness, a linked health and education data study in Wales’, UK

The impact of an injury hospital admission on childhood academic performance: a Welsh population-based data linkage study

Parental Adverse Childhood Experiences and Perpetration of Child Physical Punishment in Wales

Identifying Prenatal and Postnatal Determinants of Infant Growth: A Structural Equation Modelling Based Cohort Analysis

Protocol for the development of a core outcome set for studies of pregnant women with pre-existing multimorbidity.

Primary school staff perspectives of school closures due to COVID-19, experiences of schools reopening and recommendations for the future: A qualitative survey in Wales.

Associations between swimming & cycling abilities and fitness in 9-11-year-old boys and girls.

Timing of parental depression on risk of child depression and poor educational outcomes: A population based routine data cohort study from Born in Wales.

The Challenge of Identifying Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma During the COVID-19 Pandemic 

COVID-19 mitigation measures in primary schools and association with infection and school staff wellbeing: an observational survey linked with routine data in Wales, UK

Health and financial costs of adverse childhood experiences in 28 European countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Impact of school closures on the health and well-being of primary school children in Wales UK: a routine data linkage study using the HAPPEN Survey (2018–2020)

Population birth outcomes in 2020 and experiences of expectant mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a ‘Born in Wales’ mixed methods study using routine data

Factors influencing wellbeing in young people during COVID-19: A survey with 6291 young people in Wales

How does the local area deprivation influence life chances for children in poverty in Wales: A record-linkage cohort study

Adult support during childhood: a retrospective study of trusted adult relationships, sources of personal adult support and their association with childhood resilience resources

Health visitor enquiry about caregivers’ adverse childhood experiences (ACEs): Key learning from a pilot evaluation

Cycles of violence in England and Wales: the contribution of childhood abuse to risk of violence revictimisation in adulthood

Staff-Pupil SARS-CoV-2 Infection Pathways in Schools in Wales: A Population-Level Linked Data Approach

Powered mobility interventions for very young children with mobility limitations to aid participation and positive development: the EMPoWER evidence synthesis.

GIS-modelled built-environment exposures reflecting daily mobility for applications in child health research

How does the built environment affect teenagers (aged 13–14) physical activity and fitness? A cross-sectional analysis of the ACTIVE Project

Use of Telehealth for Facilitating the Diagnostic Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Scoping Review

Parent recommendations to support physical activity for families with young children: Results of interviews in deprived and affluent communities in South Wales (United Kingdom)

Adverse Childhood Experiences in child refugee and asylum-seeking populations

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Family Nurse Partnership home visiting programme in first time young mothers in Scotland

The Daily Mile: Whole-school recommendations for implementation and sustainability. A mixed-methods study

Active Children Through Individual Vouchers Evaluation: A Mixed-Method RCT